Trying to view my test localStorage, I see nothing in the Storage section under Applications in the Developer Tools.
However, using the console, I can access it
I have been encountering the same issue. Not a great solution, but if one closes the developer tools and reopens the developer tools, one will find the domain showing again under Local Storage with all the local storage name value pairs. At least I found a nice shortcut to open and close the developer tools researching this issue. cmd + option + i for mac. I hope this helps my fellow coders. Chrome Version 57.0.2987.133 (64-bit) MacOS.