I use a lot of CCEase* functionalities in Cocos2D described here. iOS 7 Sprite Kit also have SKActionTimingMode.
For arbitrary easing, Kardasis' answer says it all.
If you're looking for an easy way to add a bouncing effect to your animations, that is consistent with the way things are done in UIKit, I have something for you.
Apple introduced spring animations in UIKit a couple years ago, by letting you set a spring damping and initial velocity when performing a UIView animation. Unfortunately they didn't implement that in SpriteKit, so I made my own library that does just that.
It's a set of extensions on SKAction that replicate most factory methods, adding the damping and velocity parameters.
The code is on GitHub, feel free to use it: https://github.com/ataugeron/SpriteKit-Spring