Given the IP and netmask, how can I calculate the network address using bash?

Question

In a bash script I have an IP address like 192.168.1.15 and a netmask like 255.255.0.0. I now want to calculate the start address of this network, that means using the &

Answer 1

Use bitwise & (AND) operator:

$ IFS=. read -r i1 i2 i3 i4 <<< "192.168.1.15"
$ IFS=. read -r m1 m2 m3 m4 <<< "255.255.0.0"
$ printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n" "$((i1 & m1))" "$((i2 & m2))" "$((i3 & m3))" "$((i4 & m4))"
192.168.0.0

Example with another IP and mask:

$ IFS=. read -r i1 i2 i3 i4 <<< "10.0.14.97"
$ IFS=. read -r m1 m2 m3 m4 <<< "255.255.255.248"
$ printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n" "$((i1 & m1))" "$((i2 & m2))" "$((i3 & m3))" "$((i4 & m4))"
10.0.14.96