atoi implementation in C

Question

I can\'t understand the following atoi implementation code, specifically this line:

k = (k << 3) + (k << 1) + (*p) - \'0\';
<         


        

Answer 1

Interestingly, the man page for atoi doesn't indicate setting of errno so if you're talking any number > (2^31)-1, you're out of luck and similarly for numbers less than -2^31 (assuming 32-bit int). You'll get back an answer but it won't be what you want. Here's one that could take a range of -((2^31)-1) to (2^31)-1, and return INT_MIN (-(2^31)) if in error. errno could then be checked to see if it overflowed.

#include 
#include   /* for errno */
#include  /* for INT_MIN */
#include  /* for strerror */

extern int errno;

int debug=0;
int atoi(const char *c)
{
    int previous_result=0, result=0;
    int multiplier=1;

    if (debug) printf("converting %s to integer\n",c?c:"");
    if (c && *c == '-')
    {
        multiplier = -1;
        c++;
    }
    else
    {
        multiplier = 1;
    }
    if (debug) printf("multiplier = %d\n",multiplier);
    while (*c)
    {
        if (*c < '0' || *c > '9')
        {
            return result * multiplier;
        }
        result *= 10;
        if (result < previous_result)
        {
            if (debug) printf("number overflowed - return INT_MIN, errno=%d\n",errno);
            errno = EOVERFLOW;
            return(INT_MIN);
        }
        else
        {
            previous_result *= 10;
        }
        if (debug) printf("%c\n",*c);
        result += *c - '0';

        if (result < previous_result)
        {
            if (debug) printf("number overflowed - return MIN_INT\n");
            errno = EOVERFLOW;
            return(INT_MIN);
        }
        else
        {
            previous_result += *c - '0';
        }
        c++;
    }
    return(result * multiplier);
}

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    int result;
    printf("INT_MIN=%d will be output when number too high or too low, and errno set\n",INT_MIN);
    printf("string=%s, int=%d\n","563",atoi("563"));
    printf("string=%s, int=%d\n","-563",atoi("-563"));
    printf("string=%s, int=%d\n","-5a3",atoi("-5a3"));
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        result=atoi(argv[1]);
        printf("atoi(%s)=%d %s",argv[1],result,(result==INT_MIN)?", errno=":"",errno,strerror(errno));
        if (errno) printf("%d - %s\n",errno,strerror(errno));
        else printf("\n");
    }
    return(errno);
}