I’m trying to build a simple application that will recognize the values of two 6-sided dice. I’m looking for some general pointers, or maybe even an open source project.
While image training is "non-trivial" as @Brian said, that will actually be a pretty easy program to write. What you need to do is develop haar classifiers for the dice. You will need 6 classifiers total. The classifiers are the key to good image recongnition, and haar classifiers are the best there are right now. They take a long time to make. Here are some good links to get you familiarized with haar cascades:
http://www.computer-vision-software.com/blog/2009/11/faq-opencv-haartraining/
http://www.cognotics.com/opencv/docs/1.0/haartraining.htm
http://note.sonots.com/SciSoftware/haartraining.html
Check out this guys youtube video and then download his source from the link he provides in the video to see how he applied the cascade files in EmguCV. It will be something for you to build on.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07QAhRJmcKQ
This site posts the link to some source for nice little tool that adds a little automation to cropping the images and creating the index files needed for the creation of the haar cascades. I used it a few months back and I couldn't get it to work right, but I modified it and it worked great for haar (not HMM). If you want the version I modified post back and I will get it to you.
http://sandarenu.blogspot.com/2009/03/opencv-haar-training-resources.html