I\'m starting with a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame which has the data to create a map of the districts of Ghana (available at http://www.diva-gis.org/datadown). I\'m trying to c
I think you're looking for gTouches:
library(rgeos)
library(rgdal)
# using http://data.biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/diva/adm/GHA_adm.zip
ghana <- readOGR("GHA_adm", "GHA_adm1")
gTouches(ghana, byid=TRUE)
## 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 0 FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
## 1 TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
## 2 TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
## 3 TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
## 4 FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
## 5 FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
## 6 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
## 7 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 8 FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 9 TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
On a quick glance, it looks right:

I'm not sure which Ghana administrative district file you are using, so that was a guess and those are in polygon order, so you'll need to poke at ghana@data and map the entries to admin district names.