Python, 250 224 chars
s=raw_input()
for i in range(5):
for c in s:
print''.join((' ',c)[int('2zj93fqzj6hsh2bc8i2b1ycncj5yc2v9i0m16dz91gcizj18blbw6wt0p3qqh8svchwc5onna2808of',36)>>((ord(c)-65 if c>'@'else 26)*15+i*3+j)&1]for j in[0,1,2]),
print
Notes:
- relies on 2.x print statement considerably;
- supports spaces.
Running (I changed appearance of a few letters, for aestetic reasons only ;):
$ echo ABCDEFGHIJKL | python code-golf.py
AAA BBB CCC DD EEE FFF GGG H H III JJJ K K L
A A B B C D D E F G H H I J K K L
AAA BBB C D D EEE FFF G HHH I J KK L
A A B B C D D E F G G H H I J J K K L
A A BBB CCC DD EEE F GGG H H III JJJ K K LLL
$ echo MNOPQRSTUVWX | python code-golf.py
M M N N OOO PPP QQQ RR SSS TTT U U V V W W X X
MMM NNN O O P P Q Q R R S T U U V V W W X X
M M NNN O O PPP Q Q RR SSS T U U V V WWW X
M M N N O O P QQQ R R S T U U V V WWW X X
M M N N OOO P QQQ R R SSS T UUU V W W X X
$ echo YZ\! | python code-golf.py
Y Y ZZZ !!!
Y Y Z !!!
YYY Z !!!
Y Z
YYY ZZZ !!!
There are trailing spaces.
