I find that most game development requires a main game loop, but I don\'t know why it\'s necessary. Couldn\'t we implement an event listener and respond to every user action
The main loop calls the event listener. If you are lucky enough to have an event-driven operating system or window manager, the event loop resides there. Otherwise, you write a main loop to mediate the "impedance mismatch" between an system-call interfaces that is based on I/O, poll, or select, and a traditional event-driven application.
P.S. Since you tagged your question with functional-programming, you might want to check out Functional Reactive Programming, which does a great job connecting high-level abstractions to low-level, event-based implementations.