In his answer @Grundlefleck explains how to check whether a directory exists or not. I tried some to use this inside a makefile as follow:
foo.b
Make commands, if a shell command, must be in one line, or be on multiple lines using a backslash for line extension. So, this approach will work:
foo.bak: foo.bar
echo "foo"
if [ -d "~/Dropbox" ]; then echo "Dir exists"; fi
Or
foo.bak: foo.bar
echo "foo"
if [ -d "~/Dropbox" ]; then \
echo "Dir exists"; \
fi