What benefit is conferred by TCP timestamp?

Question

I have a security scan finding directing me to disable TCP timestamps. I understand the reasons for the recommendation: the timestamp can be used to calculate server uptime,

Answer 1

The answer is most succinctly expressed in RFC 1323 - Round-Trip Measurement... The introduction to the RFC also provides some relevant historical context...

   Introduction

   The introduction of fiber optics is resulting in ever-higher
   transmission speeds, and the fastest paths are moving out of the
   domain for which TCP was originally engineered.  This memo defines a
   set of modest extensions to TCP to extend the domain of its
   application to match this increasing network capability.  It is based
   upon and obsoletes RFC-1072 [Jacobson88b] and RFC-1185 [Jacobson90b].


  (3)  Round-Trip Measurement

       TCP implements reliable data delivery by retransmitting
       segments that are not acknowledged within some retransmission
       timeout (RTO) interval.  Accurate dynamic determination of an
       appropriate RTO is essential to TCP performance.  RTO is
       determined by estimating the mean and variance of the
       measured round-trip time (RTT), i.e., the time interval
       between sending a segment and receiving an acknowledgment for
       it [Jacobson88a].

       Section 4 introduces a new TCP option, "Timestamps", and then
       defines a mechanism using this option that allows nearly
       every segment, including retransmissions, to be timed at
       negligible computational cost.  We use the mnemonic RTTM
       (Round Trip Time Measurement) for this mechanism, to
       distinguish it from other uses of the Timestamps option.

The specific performance penalty you incur by disabling timestamps would depend on your specific server operating system and how you do it (for examples, see this PSC doc on performance tuning). Some OS require that you either enable or disable all RFC1323 options at once... others allow you to selectively enable RFC 1323 options.

If your data transfer is somehow throttled by your virtual server (maybe you only bought the cheap vhost plan), then perhaps you couldn't possibly use higher performance anyway... perhaps it's worth turning them off to try. If you do, be sure to benchmark your before and after performance from several different locations, if possible.