Is there a standard way to generate a QR code and attach it to a mail item from iOS client app (no server code)?
...which will let me generate links...
First, you need to find a short link service, e.g. bit.ly or goo.by, to make a long link shorter and thus reduce QR Code size.
To perform this task automatically you will have to use some web service.
...then generate a QR code...
ZXing is a popular open source QR Code generator also available for iOS