I\'ve read \"what-is-turing-complete\" and the wikipedia page, but I\'m less interested in a formal proof than in the practical implications of being Turing Complete.
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I'm not sure if there's a "minimum set of features", but to prove that a language is Turing complete, you only have to prove that it can emulate another Turing complete system (not necessarily a Turing machine), as long as the other system is known to be Turing complete. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_complete#Examples has a whole list of Turing complete systems. Some of them are simpler than Turing machines.