Buffer Overflow not happened

Question

I tried this sample c code:

int main()
{
    int array[5];
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
    {
        array[i] = 10;
    }
}

Answer 1

There's no runtime bounds checking in C. Writing to elements outside the bounds of an array is undefined behavior. Undefined behavior means that anything can happen as far as the standard is concerned. So, although a segmentation fault is fairly likely, it's by no means guaranteed.

Just because there wasn't a segmentation fault doesn't mean there wasn't a buffer overflow. There definitely was. It just didn't result in a segmentation fault this time. This type of error is serious and can cause a number of security problems. The moral of the story is don't cause a buffer overflow, ever. It's not safe, and you can't rely on C to protect you.