I have a DropDownCheckBoxes where I can CHECK multiple items from the list. Now what I want is,
A validation on button click for multiple Items selected
So I took a look at your code. And since I didn't know it you wanted it in plain Javascript or jQuery, I took the liberty of doing it in jQuery (since it's easier).
Also I don't know the true purpose of your code, so I based it upon your example and the information you gave us. This might give you an idea on how to complete your task.
Either run the snippet below or take a look at this fiddle.
/* Slide open menu and change arrow direction */
$("#caption").click(function() {
$("#cmbEmp_Name_dv").slideToggle();
$("#down, #up").toggle();
});
/* On change disable all checkboxes from different months */
$("input[type='checkbox']").change(function() {
var amountChecked = $("input[type='checkbox']:checked").length;
if (amountChecked === 1) {
var month = getMonth($(this).next().html());
$("input[type='checkbox']").each(function() {
var myMonth = getMonth($(this).next().html());
if (month !== myMonth) {
$(this).prop("disabled", true);
$(this).next().css("background-color", "gray");
}
});
}
if (amountChecked === 0)
$("input[type='checkbox']").prop("disabled", false).next().css("background-color", "transparent");
});
/* Function to check if all checked options are from the same month */
$("#btnSubmit").click(function() {
var firstSelected = $("input:checked").first().next().html();
if (firstSelected !== undefined && firstSelected !== "undefined" && firstSelected && firstSelected != "") {
var firstMonth = getMonth(firstSelected);
var isNotEqual = false;
$("input:checked").each(function() {
var month = getMonth($(this).next().html());
if (firstMonth !== month)
isNotEqual = true;
});
if (isNotEqual)
alert("Please check items from the month " + firstMonth);
else
alert("Validation complete - good to go!");
}
else
{
alert("Select an option first!");
$("#cmbEmp_Name_dv").slideDown();
}
});
/* Function to strip off all characters and return the month */
function getMonth(html) {
var monthPart = html.split("(").length > 1 ? html.split("(")[1] : "-";
return monthPart.substr(0, monthPart.indexOf("-")).trim();
}
Select ↓
  
Notice
I did implement @Freak his suggestion, by disabling all the options different from the user his first choice.
On the other hand, I also implemented the check on the Validate button, where as it will check if the user may or may not have checked a different month. Just in case.