For loop execution, increment confusion

Question

I don\'t get it why i in fillArray method ends up being equal to 10 even though the array score is filled only up to index 9

Answer 1

You must understand exactly how the for loop works to understand what is going on, and why i is 10 after the for loop in fillArray.

1. Perform initialization, before the first semicolon.
2. Test the condition in between the first and second semicolons. If the condition is false, break out of the loop.
3. Execute the body of the loop.
4. Perform the statement after the second semicolon (the increment).
5. Go back to Step 2.

In the last iteration of the i for loop, i is 9, and index 9 is assigned in the array, step 3. Step 4 performs the increment, and i is now 10. Then the condition is tested, which is false, and the loop is exited. i is now 10.

However, in your main for loop, you print the value in the body instead of examining the looping variable afterwards. The last iteration is when i is 10, because the condition is different: i < 11. If you were to print i after that for loop, you'll see it's 11.