I have a ribbon that i made for Excel along with a cs File to perform as the core of the add-in. When a button is clicked on the CustomRibbon I want to parse the data values
Try using the Value2 field of the cell.
sheet.Cells[1,1].Value2 = "hello";
Also in this line
Console.WriteLine(Globals.ThisAddIn.Application.Cells[1, 1]);
The "Cells" field is a property of a worksheet. You can't use it on the Excel application; you need to first create or open a Workbook and then create or use an existing Worksheet.
EDIT: Forgot that Excel ranges are 1-index and not 0-index.