X32 allows one to write programs using 32-bit integers, longs and pointers that run on x86_64 processors. Using X32 has a number of benefits under certain use cases. (X32 is
Small footnote to phuclv's answer regarding disabling the /LARGEADDRESSAWARE for a given process: In certain cases, when data structures are favorable, and one took steps necessary to actually use 32-bit pointers in 64-bit mode, there is too potential for performance gains on Windows, as it is on Linux, albeit not as large. See: Benchmark of 32-bit pointers in 64-bit code on Windows