I am new to C# user interface. I have created a window as shown in the first image. But if the user drag the window and make it bigger, I would like for it to make each
Make use of TableLayoutControl. You can have one control per cell of that table. Now, on that table, you set:
Dock: Fill
Column Width: Percentage or absolute value as per needs
Row Height: Percentage or absolute value as per needs
On the controls, like textboxes in your case, set Dock to Fill.
Read about it and try. If you get stuck, do come back with questions.