I have a bot with the following conversation scenario:
context.Call(...) to launch a Dialog
I agree with @Artem (this solved my issue too, thanks!). I would just add the following guideline.
Use
var data = context.UserData;
data.SetValue("field_name", false);
whenever you have a IDialogContext object available, so you let the Bot Framework commit changes.
Use instead
StateClient sc = activity.GetStateClient();
await sc.BotState.SetUserDataAsync(activity.ChannelId, activity.From.Id, userData);
when you don't have an IDialogContext object, e.g. in the MessageController class.