The current (3.0) Microsoft driver doesn't support passing TVPs.
At one point, Microsoft was soliciting votes for TVP vs. Bulk Copy:
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jdbcteam/archive/2011/09/22/tvp-or-bulk-copy.aspx
TVP got more votes, but it remains to be seen what actually got done. The most recent CTP for version 4.0 doesn't appear to have TVP support.