Integer handled as reference type when passed into a delegate

Question

I was attending the TechDays 2013 in the Netherlands this week and I got an interesting quiz question presented. The question was: What is the output of the following progra

Answer 1

In your case, the delegated methods are anonymous methods accessing a local variable (the for loop index i). That is, these are clousures.

Since the anonymous method is called ten times after the for loop, it gets the most recent value for i.

A simple sample of various clousures accessing the same reference

Here's a simplified version of clousure behavior:

int a = 1;

Action a1 = () => Console.WriteLine(a);
Action a2 = () => Console.WriteLine(a);
Action a3 = () => Console.WriteLine(a);

a = 2;

// This will print 3 times the latest assigned value of `a` (2) variable instead
// of just 1. 
a1();
a2();
a3();

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Check this other Q&A (What are clousures in .NET?) on StackOverflow for more info about what are C#/.NET clousures!