How does libc provide functions with two names?

Question

Before the advent of direct binding (-B direct) libc provided many functions with two names. For example, getpwent() and _getpwent().

Answer 1

It's done via weak aliases a "nonstandard" linker trick that's been around since early unices and that's supported by all unix compilers/linkers I know of. It's basically done as:

void __foo(void);
void foo(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__foo")));

often with macros to abstract it a little bit. This makes it so the symbol foo will have the same address and type as the symbol __foo by default, but allows it to be overridden by a "strong" definition somewhere else.