So I have two arrays
Array ( [0] => test [1] => test 1 [2] => test 2 [3] => test 3 )
and
Array ( [0] => test
Here is a one line solution if you are using Php 5.3.0+:
$result = array_map(function ($x, $y) { return $x.$y; }, $array1, $array2);