If you have a Java variable named xyz. Then later on I define a string which has the value of the named variable I want to play with.
String x=\"xyz\";
In general, if you want to access a variable in this way, you have to use Reflection, which is slower and potentially dangerous.
However, since you have a very specific scenario in mind, I'd take a different approach. Why not put your buttons or other elements into a map, with keys that are strings:
Map currentComponents = new HashMap();
currentComponents.put("a", new JButton());
String x = "a";
currentComponents.get(x).setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40,30));