Does the C++03 standard guarantee that sufficiently small non-zero integers are represented exactly in double? If not, what about C++11? Note, I am not assuming
From the C standard, "Characteristics of floating types ", which is normative for C++, I would assume that you can combine FLT_RADIX and FLT_MANT_DIG into useful information: The number of digits in the mantissa and the base in which they are expressed.
For example, for a single-precision IEEE754 float, this would be respectively 2 and 24, so you should be able to store integers of absolute value up to 224.