EDIT: While some of the answers in this question may help others with different problems, the solution was actually related to some bug with the auto-commit feature
While some of the answers in this question may help others with different problems, the solution was actually related to some bug with the auto-commit feature on a database connection! Forcing a commit after executing the query caused the database to reflect the changes, thus the code shown in the question IS the correct way to call a stored procedure of this type!