I found lots of questions regarding this - and I am almost ashamed to ask it myself.
But no matter how hard I try, I simple do not get the Maps API running
I had got same issue. After checking 20th time the steps from ddewaele's answer, turning on the Maps V2 android in Google's API console, I have restarted my phone, waited ~15s for data to download and all works like a charm. Uninstalling application was not enough to get it working. Just leaving info for other map using devs on the edge.