How to export a shell variable within a Perl script?

Question

I have a shell script, with a list of shell variables, which is executed before entering a programming environment.

I want to use a Perl script to enter the programm

Answer 1

Different sh -c processes will be called and environment variables are isolated within these.

Also doesn't calling environment_defaults.sh also make another sh process within what these variables will be set to in isolation?

Or start the Perl script with these environment variables exported and these will be set for all its child processes.