Declaration rule in struct typedef

Question

I\'m reading \'The C Programming Language\' and encountered a problem about typedef of struct. The code is like this:

typedef struct tnode *         


        

Answer 1

You can't use a type before it is defined.

With the typedef struct tnode { ... } Treenode; declaration, the type Treenode is not defined until the semi-colon is reached.

The situation with typedef struct tnode *Treeptr; is different. This tells the compiler 'there is a structure type called struct tnode, and the type Treeptr is an alias for a pointer to a struct tnode'. At the end of that declaration, struct tnode is an incomplete type. You can create pointers to incomplete types but you cannot create variables of the incomplete type (so you could define Treeptr ptr1; or struct tnode *ptr2; and they are the same type, but you could not define struct tnode node;).

The body of the struct tnode could be written as:

typedef struct tnode
{
    char    *word;
    int      count;
    Treeptr  left;
    Treeptr  right;
} Treenode;

because Treeptr is a known alias for the type struct tnode * before the structure is defined. You can't use Treenode *left; because Treenode is not a known alias until the final semi-colon is reached (roughly speaking).