I try to install ElasticSearch (latest) on a cluster nodes on Google Container Engine but ElasticSearch needs the variable : vm.max_map_count to be >= 262144.>
You should be able to use a DaemonSet to emulate the behavior of a startup script. If the script needs to do root-level actions on the node, you can configure the DaemonSet pods to run in privileged mode.
For an example of how to do this, see https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/startup-script