I have a Stored Procedure (SP) in which I pass in one value. In this SP, I am trying to create/populate a Temp Table from the result of another SP that is on a Linked/remote
With some care you could use a shared temp table:
DECLARE @Qry AS VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @Qry = 'select * into ##tempTable from openquery([the Linked server],''exec thelinkedSPname ' + @param1 + ''')'
EXEC (@Qry)
-- Now just use the shared Temp table, or I suppose you could copy it to a temp table just as you wanted it:
SELECT * INTO #tempTable FROM( SELECT * FROM ##tempTable)tbl
DROP TABLE ##tempTable