I have a Stored Procedure (SP) in which I pass in one value. In this SP, I am trying to create/populate a Temp Table from the result of another SP that is on a Linked/remote
Two words: Dynamic Query. Try this:
DECLARE @TSQL varchar(8000)
SELECT @TSQL = 'SELECT * INTO #tempTable FROM OPENQUERY([the Linked server],''exec [the Linked server].DBName.dbo.thelinkedSPname ' + @param1 + ''')'
EXEC (@TSQL)
This is well documented here: How to pass a variable to a linked server query