It is possible?
DECLARE @vTableName varchar(50)
SET @vTableName = (SELECT TableName FROM qms_Types WHERE Id = 1)
SELECT * FROM @vTableName
<
The only way you can do this is through Dynamic SQL which refers to the practice of creating a T-SQL text and executing it using the sp_executesql (or simply exec)
Here is a helpful link about dynamic sql The Curse and Blessings of Dynamic SQL.
You should really think whether or not this is a case for dynamic sql or if there is another way for you to perform this operation.