How to set working directory pemanently in Spyder & RStudio?

Question

I have started learning - Machine learning course on Windows OS. Whenever I start a new instance of Spyder 3.2.4(Python 3.6) & RStudio(1.1.383), every time I need to set

Answer 1

In Spyder (since version 3.2) you need to go to

Tools > Preferences > Current working directory

and select the option called

the following directory