I wanted to try out creating an Angular 2 app with angular-cli (https://github.com/angular/angular-cli) and then use ng2-material (https://github.com/justindujardin/ng2-mate
Try configuring SystemJS in the index.html like this:
SystemJS
index.html
System.config({ packages: { app: { format: 'register', defaultExtension: 'js' }, 'node_modules/ng2-material': { format: 'register', defaultExtension: 'js' } }, paths: { 'ng2-material/all': 'node_modules/ng2-material/all' } });