Is it possible to grab activedirectory credentials for the user on a client machine from within a web application?
To clarify, I am designing a web application which
No, of course not. Can you imagine the havoc that would result in random web apps being able to get your AD username and password?
Now, if you just want the username - that's in REMOTE_USER if you're using integated windows auth. And, windows auth will auto login the user to your site - assuming you share a domain (or trust).
Edit: IWA works in an intranet scenario, since IE - by default - includes intranet sites in the Intranet security zone. Also, a sysadmin can use GPO to set other trusted sites. Firefox also supports NTLM, as does Opera and Chrome. All in all, it's not a bad way to setup an intranet.
Note, though - that you don't get credentials. You negotiate a token with the client, which is what keeps IWA secure (and my above point relevant).