Is it possible to set a background for a particular view controller to show a live camera view? If so, could one lead me in the right direction to make this possible?
I think your best bet is to grab and understand this apple sample code, called AVCam. You'll see in the code how to create an AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer. You'll insert this as a sublayer of a UIView that you'll use as your "background".
Once you've got that working, that UIView will be just like any other part of your view hierarchy. You can treat it like a background UIImageView (albeit, one that consumes a lot more batter power).