Chrome seems not to display elements in inline svg. Here is an example (code below or view it at http://www.bobwyttenbach.com/chromeuse.html):
Don't know if this question is still relevant, but I've met such a case recently and I pretty sure that somebody else will meet the case (especially those who tries to make use of SVG sprites for the first time).
In my case I've joined 16 SVG icons in one sprite manually into sprite.svg, and in this file I've omitted important meta information:
I had no first line at all, and all I had on the second line was an opening tag with no meta attributes (xmlns and xmlns:xlink). As soon as I brought back all this omitted meta information, my graphics from sprite.svg started to display properly.
Hope it helps someone.