Regular numbers are numbers that evenly divide powers of 60. As an example, 602 = 3600 = 48 × 75, so both 48 and 75 are divisors of a power of 60.
You know what? I'll put money on the proposition that actually, the 'dumb' algorithm is fastest. This is based on the observation that the next regular number does not, in general, seem to be much larger than the given input. So simply start counting up, and after each increment, refactor and see if you've found a regular number. But create one processing thread for each available core you have, and for N cores have each thread examine every Nth number. When each thread has found a number or crossed the power-of-2 threshold, compare the results (keep a running best number) and there you are.