I have read a lot about the pros and cons of each , and i know delegates are usually for one listener, and notifications are for many. The question is about performance.
Calling the delegate is just a method invocation but when notifications are used there some more stuff should be done behind the scenes to deliver your notification. Considering this - delegate is a bit faster.
Realtime audio processing is a complex task and I tend to think that delegate's method call or sending a notification produces much more less overhead than your audio-processing code.
UPDATE
Considering performance issues you always should do measurements while trying different approaches.