Python + BeautifulSoup: How to get ‘href’ attribute of ‘a’ element?

Question

I have the following:

  html =
  \'\'\'

    
      


        

      

Answer 1

The 'a' tag in your html does not have any text directly, but it contains a 'h3' tag that has text. This means that text is None, and .find_all() fails to select the tag. Generally do not use the text parameter if a tag contains any other html elements except text content.

You can resolve this issue if you use only the tag's name (and the href keyword argument) to select elements. Then add a condition in the loop to check if they contain text.

soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
links_with_text = []
for a in soup.find_all('a', href=True): 
    if a.text: 
        links_with_text.append(a['href'])

Or you could use a list comprehension, if you prefer one-liners.

links_with_text = [a['href'] for a in soup.find_all('a', href=True) if a.text]

Or you could pass a lambda to .find_all().

tags = soup.find_all(lambda tag: tag.name == 'a' and tag.get('href') and tag.text)

---

If you want to collect all links whether they have text or not, just select all 'a' tags that have a 'href' attribute. Anchor tags usually have links but that's not a requirement, so I think it's best to use the href argument.

Using .find_all().

links = [a['href'] for a in soup.find_all('a', href=True)]

Using .select() with CSS selectors.

links = [a['href'] for a in soup.select('a[href]')]