Sorry this seems like a really silly question but are dataframe[ ,-1]
and dataframe[-1]
the same, and does it work for all data types?
And
Sorry, wanted to leave this as a comment but thought it was too big, I just found it interesting that the only one which remains a non integer is dataframe[1].
Further to Carl's answer, it seems dataframe[[1]] is treated as a matrix as well. But dataframe[1] isn't....
But it can't be treated as a matrix cause the results for dataframe[[1]] and matrix[[1]] are different.
D <- as.data.frame(matrix(1:16,4))
D
M <- (matrix(1:16,4))
M
> D[ ,1] # data frame leaving out first column
[1] 1 2 3 4
> D[[1]] # first column of dataframe
[1] 1 2 3 4
> D[1] # First column of dataframe
V1
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
>
> class(D[ ,1])
[1] "integer"
> class(D[[1]])
[1] "integer"
> class(D[1])
[1] "data.frame"
>
> M[ ,1] # matrix leaving out first column
[1] 1 2 3 4
> M[[1]] # First element of first row & col
[1] 1
> M[1] # First element of first row & col
[1] 1
>
> class(M[ ,1])
[1] "integer"
> class(M[[1]])
[1] "integer"
> class(M[1])
[1] "integer"