I am currently in chapter 1.5.1 File copying and made a program like so:
#include
/* copy input to output; 1st version */
main()
{
int c
printf lets you format strings in a complicated way, substituting things like integers and floats and other strings.
getchar and putchar get and put characters
I can say that printf is more useful in more ways compared to putchar.
Better look in their respective manual pages ( man 3 printf man 3 putchar ) in terminal