When I look at Amazon.com and I see their URL for pages, it does not have .htm, .html or .php at the end of the URL.
It is lik
For websites that use Apache, they are probably using mod_rewrite that enables them to rewrite URLS (and make them more user and SEO friendly)
You can read more here http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html and here http://www.sitepoint.com/article/apache-mod_rewrite-examples/
EDIT: There are rewriting modules for IIS as well.