Packing 4 Integers as ONE BYTE?

Question

I have four integers {a, b, c, d} that can have the following range of values:

a - {0 or 1} (1 bi

Answer 1

Use shift and bitwise OR, then convert to a character to get a "byte":

x = chr(a | (b << 1) | (c << 2) | (d << 5))

To unpack this byte again, first convert to an integer, then shift and use bitwise AND:

i = ord(x)
a = i & 1
b = (i >> 1) & 1
c = (i >> 2) & 7
d = (i >> 5) & 7

Explanation: Initially, you have

0000000a
0000000b
00000ccc
00000ffffd

The left-shifts give you

0000000a
000000b0
000ccc00
ffffd00000

The bitwise OR results in

ffffdcccba

Converting to a character will convert this to a single byte.

Unpacking: The four different right-shifts result in

ffffdcccba
0ffffdcccb
00ffffdccc
00000ffffd

Masking (bitwise AND) with 1 (0b00000001) or 7 (0b00000111) results in

0000000a
0000000b
00000ccc
00000ffffd

again.