isinstance() and issubclass() return conflicting results

Question

>>> class Hello:
    pass

and

>>> isinstance(Hello,object)
True
>>> issubclass(Hello,object)
False
>         


        

Answer 1

The accepted answer is correct, but seems to miss an important point. The built-in functions isinstance and issubclass ask two different questions.

isinstance(object, classinfo) asks whether an object is an instance of a class (or a tuple of classes).

issubclass(class, classinfo) asks whether one class is a subclass of another class (or other classes).

In either method, classinfo can be a “class, type, or tuple of classes, types, and such tuples.”

Since classes are themselves objects, isinstance applies just fine. We can also ask whether a class is a subclass of another class. But, we shouldn't necessarily expect the same answer from both questions.

class Foo(object):
    pass

class Bar(Foo):
    pass

issubclass(Bar, Foo)
#>True
isinstance(Bar, Foo)
#>False

Bar is a subclass of Foo, not an instance of it. Bar is an instance of type which is a subclass of object, therefore the class Bar is an instance of object.

isinstance(Bar, type)
#>True
issubclass(type, object)
#>True
isinstance(Bar, object)
#>True