I want to generate a binary mask that has ones for all voxels inside and zeros for all voxels outside a volume. The volume is defined by the convex hull around a set of 3D c
This is a scan conversion problem. Check out section 8 of 3D Scan-Conversion Algorithms for Voxel-Based Graphics.
The algorithm you want is the solid one, and is slightly simpler since you are voxelizing a convex polyhedron whose faces are triangles - each "voxel" run is bounded by two triangles.