Is there a way or a resource for finding the time and space complexity of the Array implementation in PHP other than calculating it by hand?
An array
Because it acts like a hash table, you will have O(1) time when accessing an element by a key.
O(1)
If you are looping through the array, naturally you will have O(n) time.
O(n)
If you have time, you can actually check out PHP's implementation of array here