I tried to create a directory junction on Docker Windows to create 8.3 . But it failed with the error message below.
D:\\data\\docker\\sample>docker build
I'm guessing your issue is actually not related to creating a directory junction (note that your build did complete that step), but is related to exceeding the base size of docker containers (I see you're pulling from windowsservercore, which is about 10GB, and web browsing tells me the default container base size is 10GB).
Try changing the size to 20GB in the docker daemon config by adding this json:
"storage-opts": [
"size=20G"
]
I was experiencing the same error message, tried all manner of troubleshooting, and resolved it with that daemon setting.