First, I created a new workspace:
stack new xxxx
stack init
stack build
then
cd xxx\\app
stack ghci
import Data.Map
The reason you can import Data.Char and Data.List is that they are part of the package base, which is included with GHC and is always loaded with GHCi. By contrast, Data.Map is in the external library containers. One way to load it with stack ghci is to add a cabal file with a build-depends on containers. This will install it in the stack environment for xxxx, so it will then be accessible.